The shop owner's glossary, in English and Arabic

Every term you hear from your accountant, your supplier or on the cashier screen, with its Arabic name and a real shop example.

Term	In Arabic	In short
Accounts payable	الذمم الدائنة (ذمم المورّدين)	Supplier payables, or accounts payable, are the amounts your shop owes suppliers for goods you have received but not fully paid for yet.
Accounts receivable	الذمم المدينة وديون الزبائن	Accounts receivable are the amounts customers owe your shop for goods they took but have not fully paid for yet.
Average basket	متوسط الفاتورة	Average basket, also called average transaction value (ATV), is total sales divided by the number of invoices: what one customer spends on average per visit.
Barcode	الباركود	A barcode is a pattern of bars that stands for a number, so a scanner or camera can identify a product instantly.
Break-even point	نقطة التعادل	The break-even point is the level of sales at which revenue exactly covers all your costs, with no profit and no loss.
Cash drawer	درج الكاشير	A cash drawer is a metal till for notes and coins, usually wired to the receipt printer so it opens on its own with every cash sale.
Cash variance	فرق الصندوق	A cash variance is the gap between the cash the software expects in the drawer and the cash actually counted: a shortage if it is less, an overage if it is more.
Cashier	الكاشير	A cashier is the person at the till who rings up sales, takes payment and hands the customer a receipt. In Jordan the Arabic word كاشير also covers the POS software and device.
Cloud POS	الكاشير السحابي	A cloud POS keeps your sales and stock data on internet servers, so you can see and manage it from any device, anywhere.
Cost price	سعر التكلفة	Cost price is what you actually pay to get an item onto your shelf, including the purchase price and any costs tied directly to it.
Credit note	الإشعار الدائن	A credit note is a document that cancels or reduces an invoice, fully or partly, instead of deleting or editing it after issue.
Dead stock	البضاعة الراكدة	Dead stock is items that sit on the shelf for months without selling, tying up cash and space better used for goods that move.
E-invoice	الفاتورة الإلكترونية	An e-invoice is created as structured data and sent to Jordan's national e-invoicing system, which returns a QR code to verify it.
EAN-13 barcode	باركود EAN-13	EAN stands for European Article Number. EAN-13 is the 13-digit barcode printed on most retail products, and its last digit is a check digit.
Expiry date tracking	تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية	Expiry date tracking means recording when each batch of stock expires, so the soonest-expiring stock sells first and nothing goes out of date unnoticed.
General sales tax	ضريبة المبيعات العامة	General sales tax is added to the price of goods and services in Jordan. The general rate is 16%, with special rates for some goods.
Gross profit	الربح الإجمالي	Gross profit is sales minus the cost of the goods you sold, before shop expenses such as rent and salaries.
Income source sequence	تسلسل مصدر الدخل (رقم النشاط)	The income source sequence is the number of a business activity on your tax file. You pick it when you link a device or add a sub-user on JoFotara, and many people call it the activity number.
Installment sales	البيع بالأقساط	An installment sale lets a customer take an item today and pay for it in agreed monthly payments, usually after a down payment.
Inventory	المخزون	Inventory is all the stock in your shop and storeroom waiting to be sold, with its quantities and cost at any moment. In Arabic it is المخزون.
JoFotara	نظام الفوترة الوطني JoFotara	JoFotara is Jordan's national e-invoicing system, run by the Income and Sales Tax Department, which receives businesses' invoices electronically.
Loyalty points	نقاط الولاء	Loyalty points are a reward customers collect with every purchase and later redeem for a discount or a gift.
Markup	نسبة الإضافة على التكلفة	Markup is the percentage you add on top of cost price to reach the selling price, calculated on cost rather than on the selling price.
Net profit	صافي الربح	Net profit is what you actually keep after taking the cost of goods and every shop expense out of sales for a given period.
Offline POS	الكاشير بدون إنترنت	An offline POS keeps selling and printing receipts when the connection drops, saves the invoices on the device, then sends and syncs them once the internet returns.
Petty cash	المصاريف النثرية	Petty cash covers small everyday expenses a shop pays in cash, such as cleaning, transport or hospitality, each recorded with its reason.
Point of sale (POS)	نقطة البيع POS	POS stands for point of sale: the place, and the system, where a customer pays for what they bought. In Arabic, point of sale is نقطة البيع.
POS purchase on a bank statement	شراء POS في كشف الحساب	A POS purchase on your statement means you paid with your card at a shop's card terminal, in a store, pharmacy or petrol station.
Profit margin	هامش الربح	Profit margin is profit as a share of the selling price: how much of every dinar you take stays with you after the item's cost.
Purchase invoice	فاتورة الشراء	A purchase invoice is the bill you receive from a supplier when you buy stock, listing items, quantities, prices, tax and total.
QR code on an invoice	رمز QR على الفاتورة	The QR code on an invoice holds the invoice's data and can be scanned with a phone to verify it in JoFotara.
Receipt	الإيصال	A receipt is a printed slip or digital message proving the customer paid, showing the items, amount, payment method and time of sale.
Refund and return	المرتجع	A return is goods a customer brings back after buying them. The refund is the money that goes back to them in cash or as store credit, and the item returns to stock if it can be resold.
Reorder point	نقطة إعادة الطلب	A reorder point is the stock level at which you order more from the supplier, so the delivery arrives before the item runs out.
Shift handover	تسليم الوردية	A shift handover closes the outgoing cashier's shift by counting the cash, then opens a new shift for the next cashier with a known float.
SKU	رمز الصنف SKU	SKU stands for stock keeping unit: an internal code a shop gives each item and each version of it, such as size or colour, so it can count each one in stock.
Split payment	الدفع المجزأ	A split payment is one invoice paid with more than one method, such as part cash and part card, or a bill shared between people.
Stocktake	الجرد	A stocktake, or stock count, is a physical count of the goods on your shelves, compared against the quantities in your system to find any gap.
Tax invoice	الفاتورة الضريبية	A tax invoice is a sales document showing the seller, the buyer, the items and the sales tax, used for accounting and tax audits.
Tax number (TIN)	الرقم الضريبي	A tax number, or tax identification number (TIN), is the number Jordan's Income and Sales Tax Department gives every registered taxpayer. It goes on their invoices and returns.
Thermal printer	الطابعة الحرارية	A thermal printer prints receipts by heating special paper, with no ink or ribbon. It is the standard printer at the checkout.
UBL 2.1	UBL 2.1 وملف XML	UBL 2.1 (Universal Business Language) is an international standard for writing an invoice as a structured XML file, and it is the format JoFotara uses to receive every e-invoice in Jordan.